Temporal Dynamic Quantization for Diffusion Models

The diffusion model has gained popularity in vision applications due to its remarkable generative performance and versatility. However, high storage and computation demands, resulting from the model size and iterative generation, hinder its use on mobile devices. Existing quantization techniques struggle to maintain performance even in 8-bit precision due to the diffusion model's unique property of temporal variation in activation. We introduce a novel quantization method that dynamically adjusts the quantization interval based on time step information, significantly improving output quality. Unlike conventional dynamic quantization techniques, our approach has no computational overhead during inference and is compatible with both post-training quantization (PTQ) and quantization-aware training (QAT). Our extensive experiments demonstrate substantial improvements in output quality with the quantized diffusion model across various datasets

On the root cause of the host `mass-step' in the Hubble residuals of type Ia supernovae

It is well established that the Hubble residuals of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) show the luminosity step with respect to their host galaxy stellar masses. This `mass-step' is taken as an additional correction factor for the SN Ia luminosity standardization. Here we investigate the root cause of the mass-step and propose that the bimodal nature of the host $age$ distribution is responsible for the step. In particular, by using the empirical $nonlinear$ mass-to-age relation of local galaxies, we convert the mass function of SN Ia hosts to their age distribution. We find that the age distribution shows clear bimodality: a younger ($<$ 6 Gyr) group with lower mass ($\sim 10^{9.5}{\rm M}_{\rm sun}$) and an older ($>$ 6 Gyr) group with higher mass ($\sim 10^{10.5}{\rm M}_{\rm sun}$). On the Hubble residual versus host mass plane, the two groups create the mass-step at $\sim 10^{10}{\rm M}_{\rm sun}$. This leads us to conclude that the host galaxy mass-step can be attributed to the bimodal age distribution in relation to a nonlinear relation between galaxy mass and age. We suggest that the mass-step is another manifestation of the old `red sequence' and the young `blue cloud' observed in the galactic color--magnitude diagram.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl

Exact Algorithm for the Capacitated Team Orienteering Problem with Time Windows

The capacitated team orienteering problem with time windows (CTOPTW) is a problem to determine players&apos; paths that have the maximum rewards while satisfying the constraints. In this paper, we present the exact solution approach for the CTOPTW which has not been done in previous literature. We show that the branch-and-price (B&amp;P) scheme which was originally developed for the team orienteering problem can be applied to the CTOPTW. To solve pricing problems, we used implicit enumeration acceleration techniques, heuristic algorithms, and ng-route relaxations

Conflict Management and Mediation Theory: South Africa's Role in Burundi's Civil Conflict

Mediation is a peaceful method of third-party intervention in resolving regional and international crises without resorting to seemingly inevitable war. The literature on international mediation generally draws four contextual and process variables affecting the mediation outcomes. The three contextual variables are (a) the nature of the dispute; (b) the nature of the disputed parties; and (c) the nature of the mediator. The process variable is the mediator strategies. Unlike international relations theorists focusing on explaining the causes of war between states, most conflicts since 1945 have arisen within, rather than between, states, especially in Third World countries such as those in the African region. With this problem in mind, the research focus of this paper is to investigate the role played by third-party interveners in contemporary African civil conflicts within the same nation state by specifically assessing South Africa's mediating role (especially the facilitating role of the former South African President Nelson Mandela) in resolving the Burundi civil conflict based on the above four variables suggested by mediation literature.The Nature of the Dispute; The Nature of the Disputed Parties; The Nature of the Mediator; the Mediator Strategies; South Africa's Mediating Role in the Burundi Civil Conflict

Does Stocking Density Affect Growth Performance and Hematological Parameters of Juvenile Olive Flounder <i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i> in a Recirculating Aquaculture System?

Olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus is a representative culture species in South Korea. Recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs) have received increased attention because they can provide sustainable and environmentally friendly productivity. However, to maintain economic sustainability, the system generally requires high productivity, achieved through a high stocking density, which compromises animal welfare. The reduction in growth based on the stocking density may be due to the social hierarchy resulting from the growth suppression of subordinate individuals. Species, size, culture systems, and other management regimes can affect the social hierarchy. Therefore, a more practical approach must be taken to adjust the stocking density for a particular fish species and fish size in a specific culture system. This study investigated the effect of stocking density on juvenile olive flounder in an RAS. Juvenile olive flounder (61.0 ± 0.3 g) were initially stocked at 3.29, 4.84, 7.14, and 8.56 kg/m2 (T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively). After 8 weeks, growth performance, in terms of feed conversion, specific growth rate, and daily feed intake rate, was measured. In addition, the blood levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), growth hormone, glucose, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and glutamic pyruvic transaminase and the whole-body composition were evaluated as stress indicators. Growth performance increased as stocking density increased, but fish at the highest stocking density showed signs of growth reduction toward the end of the experiment. In addition, as stocking density increased, IGF-1 decreased, and cortisol increased. The whole-body protein level was significantly lower in T4 compared with the other treatments. Olive flounder seemed to tolerate a stocking density up to 20.16 kg/m2. Based on the growth performance, hematological response, and whole-body composition results in the present study, a final stocking density of 20 kg/m2 (from the initial stocking density of 4.84–7.14 kg/m2) may be desirable for juvenile olive flounder in an RAS for fish weighing ~60–180 g

The school bus routing problem: A review

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the school bus routing problem (SBRP). SBRP seeks to plan an efficient schedule for a fleet of school buses where each bus picks up students from various bus stops and delivers them to their designated schools while satisfying various constraints such as the maximum capacity of a bus, the maximum riding time of a student in a bus, and the time window of a school. This class of problem consists of different sub-problems involving data preparation, bus stop selection, bus route generation, school bell time adjustment, and bus scheduling. In this paper, the various assumptions, constraints, and solution methods used in the literature on SBRP are summarized. A list of issues requiring further research is also presented.Combinatorial optimization School bus routing Literature survey Vehicle routing problem

EEG-based Gait State and Gait Intention Recognition Using Spatio-Spectral Convolutional Neural Network

EEG-based BCI was recently applied to lower limb exoskeleton robots. Various machine learning decoders have shown high accuracy performance on classifying the gait state whether the subject is walking or standing. However, there is a trade-off between the accuracy and the responsiveness due to the delay time. The delay time is critical when controlling the exoskeleton robots with EEG decoders online (real-time). In this research, we propose spatio-spectral convolutional neural networks with relatively short segment of EEG data (0.2s) having 83.4% accuracy on gait state recognition. The gait intention recognition that detects the subject&apos;s gait intention prior to the actual gait had 77.3% accuracy. We were able to classify EEG data of both healthy subjects and stroke patients at subacute and chronic phases.N

Finding the nucleolus of the vehicle routing game with time windows

Computing the nucleolus is recognized as an equitable solution to cooperative n person cost games, such as a vehicle routing game (VRG). Computing the nucleolus of a VRG, however, has been limited to small-sized benchmark instances with no more than 25 players, because of the computation time required to solve the NP-hard separation problem. To reduce computation time, we develop an enumerative algorithm that computes the nucleolus of the VRG with time windows (VRGTW) in the case of the non-empty core. Numerical simulations demonstrate the ability of the proposed algorithm to compute the nucleolus of benchmark instances with up to 100 players. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc.11Nsciescopu